Становлення і розвиток оборонно-промислового комплексу Ізраїлю як провідного фактора ізраїльської інноваційної економіки

Abstract

У пропонованій статті досліджено процес трансформації цивільних галузей Ізраїлю в успішний інноваційний сектор на основі ізраїльського оборонно-промислового комплексу. Проаналізовано інституційні чинники впливу науково-дослідних і дослідно-конструкторських розробок в ОПК на формування в Ізраїлі інноваційної економіки та перехід країни до комплексного інноваційного розвитку. Акцентовано увагу на взаємодії створеного інституційного середовища щодо становлення та вирощування високотехнологічних бізнесів і розвиненого оборонно-промислового комплексу, яка випродукувала ефективну конструкцію трансферу військових технологій і трудових ресурсів в цивільні галузі економіки.

During evaluation of the potential and capabilities of Israel's innovative technologies, which has allowed this country to achieve compelling economic results, it is necessary to recognize and analyze those factors that are directly related to the field of defense and military events. At the same time, we point up the fact that it is Israeli defence sector that has had a fundamental influence on the development of technological and manufacturing capabilities of civilian industries, scientific-research and research-constructive work, higher education, and the quality of labor service unit. Israel's experience for Ukraine is very relevant and requires discussion of the issues of defense industry reforming and its capabilities in the development of high-tech industries and introduction of factors for innovative type of economic development. Taking into account above mentioned information, a comprehensive study of the factors is introduced behind the transformation of Israeli civilian sectors into a successful innovative sector based on the defense industry, when most of high-tech firms in Israel originated in defense industry, and defense sector is the most important source of the latest technological know-how and a field for training of experienced personnel for civilian branches. Israeli experience, as well, shows that a strong trigger for an innovative technological and militarytechnical breakthrough may be the need to preserve the state in a constant military conflict and the problem of obtaining armament from abroad. Today, Israeli Army is considered to be one of the most high-tech in the world, equipped with the first-rate armament and the latest information technologies. At the same time, Israel is on the list of the most dynamic developing countries, while making a significant contribution to global fundamental and applied sciences. It is also possible to state that Israel has become an innovative state, which creates the latest technologies and contributes to economic growth of the global economy. Certainly, such success is due to the fact that in the mid-1980s, the transition to the path of innovative development began in Israel, when at the first place a switch to the SRRSCW sphere was carried out, the point of which was to redirect the development of dual inventions to meet the needs of civilian industry, the reduction of purely military research and encouragement of private capital flow into the creation and commercial usage of conversional technologies