МАЙБУТНЄ ЯК ФІЛОСОФСЬКА ПРОБЛЕМА

Abstract

Розуміння часу дає шанс розкрити таємниці світу й людського життя. Особливо загадковим із часових станів для людини виглядає майбутнє. Майбутнє як один із станів часу постає і як необхідний складник світу, в якому ми знаходимо себе, і як визначальний вимір людського життя. Проблема майбутнього має декілька аспектів. Насамперед, це онтологічна проблема. Епістемологічний аспект проблеми майбутнього стосується можливості його пізнання. Окремо постають проблеми майбутнього в галузях філософії природничих наук і філософії суспільства. Філософія людини також не є повноцінною без роздумів про людське, антропологічне майбутнє. Розуміння філософами майбутнього в його різних аспектах залежить від загальної концептуалізації проблем часу. Кожна концепція часу з тих, що склалися й набули визнання у філософії, має свій образ майбутнього і викликає свої питання щодо його онтологічного і епістемологічного статусу.

Понимание времени дает шанс раскрыть тайны мира и человеческой жизни. Особенно загадочным из временных состояний для человека выглядит будущее. Будущее как одно из состояний времени возникает и как необходимая составляющая мира, в котором мы находим себя, и как определяющий измерение человеческой жизни. Проблема будущего имеет несколько аспектов. Прежде всего, это онтологическая проблема. Эпистемологический аспект проблемы будущего касается возможности его познания. Отдельно стоят проблемы будущего в области философии естественных наук и философии общества. Философия человека также не является полноценной без раздумий отвода, антропологическое будущее. Понимание философами будущего в его различных аспектах зависит от общей концептуализации проблем времени. Каждая концепция времени из тех, что сложились и получили признание в философии, имеет свой образ будущего и вызывает свои вопросы его онтологического и эпистемологического статуса.

Understanding time gives a chance to reveal the secrets of peace and human life. The future is especially secretive of the time states for a person. The future as one of the states of time also appears as a necessary component of the world in which we find ourselves and as a defining dimension of human life. The problem of the future has several aspects. First of all, this is an ontological problem. The epistemological aspect of the problem of the future concerns the possibility of its knowledge. Separately there are problems of the future in the branches of philosophy of natural sciences and philosophy of society. The philosophy of man is also not complete without reflection on the human, anthropological future. Understanding the philosophers of the future in its various aspects depends on the general conceptualization of the problems of time. Each conception of time that has developed and has gained recognition in philosophy has its own image of the future and raises questions about its ontological and epistemological status. Time is estimated by the ratio of parts and the whole, their existential statuses. As the main concepts distinguish between presentism and eternalism. The second aspect of time that interests the philosophy is its relationship with objects that exist in time. Substance concept separates time from objects, relational - identifies time with the relationship between objects. Different views of philosophers for the future need to be streamlined and mapped. Among many aspects of the philosophy of the future are selected a few key, which will be sequentially outlined below. These basic problems can be formulated in the form of four questions.1) Is there a future? What meaning should be given to the concept of existence in order to include the future? And in what sense is the future excluded from the existing one (if there is any such sense at all)? 2) Is the future connected with the logical connections with the present and the past? Is it possible at all to consider the future, which is not yet defined in a certain sense, determined? What role does present and past play in this determinism? Can we talk about the reciprocal impact on them of the future? 3) Can we predict the future? Another aspect of the problem relates to ways of knowing the future. There is a lot of experience in this direction and it needs to be comprehended. 4) What are the features of the image of the future man? How does a person imagine the future? The future for a person is something more than a cognitive image, it is the existential state of man. Man is constantly in the future, while remaining in the present and, partly in the past. This subjective state of the future man is a special theme of philosophical comprehension. The most general, synthetic image of the future is designed to create a philosophy. This is understandable, because the future as one of the states of time also appears as a necessary component of the world in which we find ourselves and as a defining dimension of human life. Presentiment questions the existence of the future, eternalism claims the need for its existence. The future is in some sense there, but it is a specific existence, different from the present and the past. Disputes between philosophers who defend the objectivity of time and, accordingly, the future, and those who consider the time as an aspect of subjective reality, are also important for clarifying the way of existence of the future. There are philosophers who claim the nomological autonomy of the future and, accordingly, the impossibility of any exact knowledge of it (the possibility of only assumptions). From another point of view, the future is quite accessible to knowledge, since it is subject to the general, unchanging laws of the Universe. Exploring the present and the past can formulate true statements about the future. From a more moderate point of view, the future is a sphere of objective, such that is subject to a true assessment, but nevertheless probabilistic knowledge. The social future is perhaps the most popular area of research and reflection on the future of philosophy. Within the framework of philosophy and social sciences, the theory of prediction of the future, which appears a special science - futurology. Understanding the future, philosophy, of course, can not bypass its anthropological aspect. Exploring the interaction of the individual with his own future, philosophers are trying to formulate the optimal human strategy for the future