Спільне благо як мета політичної діяльності: суперечність у розумінні і розуміння суперечності

Abstract

Аналізується зміст категорії спільного блага у політичній теорії. Показана антиномічність розуміння блага як того, що визнає людина, і як того, що існує для людини незалежно від її визнання. Антиномія розв'язується через ототожнення блага з людиною.

Recently the concept of the common good has been becoming more and more popular in ethicopolitical studies. The objective character of this category is acknowledged by researchers. The subjectivity of the common good is also obvious. The internal antinomy of the concept arising from this relative independence of objective and subjective aspects is no less obvious. The antinomy can be formulated this way. The good is what is acknowledged to be the good. It is acknowledged as the good what is the good. The article demonstrates that the main trends of the modern political philosophy and ethics, such as liberalism, utilitarianism, communitarianism, religious philosophy, propose decisions which cannot be effective. All of them separate subjective and objective sides of the common good. The way out of the antinomy needs the condition in which subjective and objective sides coincide. Such condition is realized when we identify every human being with the common good. The conclusion inferred is this: only the policy, the ultimate goal of which is people, but not the outer goods, is capable of realizing the common good not falling into contradictions