Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://er.chdtu.edu.ua/handle/ChSTU/2172
Title: Сучасні тенденції видотворення дієслів в українській літературній мові
Other Titles: Modern tendencies in formation aspects of verbs in the Ukrainian literary language
Authors: Колібаба, Лариса
Keywords: дієслово;двовидове дієслово;доконаний вид;недоконаний вид;префікс;суфік;verb;bi-aspectual verbs;perfective aspect;imperfective aspect;prefix;suffix
Issue Date: 2020
Publisher: Language: codification, competence, communication
Abstract: У статті проаналізовано поширені в українській літературній мові початку ХХІ ст. тенденції до формального розмежування значень доконаного і недоконаного виду у двовидових дієсловах – перфективацію та імперфективацію двовидових дієслів іншомовного походження. Визначено лінгвістичний статус цих тенденцій, оцінено практичну доцільність та відповідність сучасній граматичній нормі, спрогнозовано їх подальший розвиток. Обґрунтовано префіксацію та суфіксацію як основні способи усунути двовидовість дієслів іншомовного походження в українській літературній мові. Подано перелік найуживаніших у сучасній мовній практиці префіксальних дієслів доконаного виду і суфіксальних дієслів недоконаного виду, що є видовими корелятами двовидових дієслів.
Problem statement. A noticeable shift towards active use of prefix verbs of a perfective aspect and suffix verbs of imperfective aspect, that are aspectual correlates of bi-aspectual verbs, can be observed in scientific and publicism texts of the first two decades of the XXI century. The widespread use of perfectives and imperfectives of the kind analysed here in modern linguistic practice is related to the tendenciy to separate formal meanings of imperfect and perfect aspects in biaspectual verbs of foreign origin, deprived of morphological markers of aspectual feature. On the one hand, these tendencies are a consequence of the practical need to formally distinguish the meanings of the perfect and imperfect aspects in biaspectual verbs to avoid ambiguity in the process of perceiving a text in reading; on the other hand, they are a proof of adaptation of the bi-aspectual verbs, adopted from Western European languages, where the grammatical category of aspect is not typical, to the grammar system of the Ukrainian language. Purpose of the article. The purpose of the proposed research is to analyze the tendencies to formal differentiation of the meanings of imperfective and perfective aspect in the bi-aspectual verbs of the Ukrainian literary language of the beginning of the ХХІ of century in terms of their complying to the grammatical norm and rationality, and to predict its further development. Research methods. To attain the aim of the research, the author used general scientific methods (observation, analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematization) and linguistic methods of research, namely, a descriptive method and method of continuous selection of investigated linguistic units – verbs of perfective and imperfective aspect, that are the correlates of bi-aspectual verbs, found in sources belonging to a range of styles as well as time periods starting from more than one hundred years ago (mainly dictionaries). Main results of the study. Formal differentiation of the meanings of the imperfect and perfect aspects in bi-aspectual verbs of foreign origin by affixation does not conflict with the morphological structure of the Ukrainian literary language but helps to eliminate grammatical ambiguity in the text perception. Prefixation and suffixation are effective ways to eliminate the dichotomy of borrowed verbs, which is not peculiar to the specific verbs of the modern Ukrainian literary language. Prefixed verbs of the perfect aspect, which are aspectual equivalents to verbs of foreign origin, are mostly not new, but reactualized morphological units, which gradually re-enter the grammatical system of the Ukrainian literary language. The process of their «revival» in modern language practice occurs in two ways: 1) returning from the periphery to the active use of verbs that were recorded in Soviet dictionaries; 2) introducing into active linguistic use those prefixal verbs, that were recorded in lexicographic sources in the 1920s-1930s, but due to extralinguistic factors had a limited function in the Ukrainian literary language of the 1940s-1980s. However, suffixal verbs of the imperfect aspect with the suffix -ovuva-, in contrast to prefixal verbs of the perfect aspect, are not considered as reactualized, since they are relatively new grammatical forms. Although such verbs convey the semantics of the imperfect form as accurately as possible, their form is cumbersome, which contradicts the law of linguistic economy. In view of this, it is necessary to fix the meaning of the imperfect aspect for prefixed verbs of foreign origin with the suffix -uva- (-juva-) by analogy with Ukrainian verbs and fix the meaning of the perfect aspect for prefix verbs. Conclusions and perspectives. The process of prefix reproduction from the bases of foreign bi-aspectual verbs is likely to intensify in the future, since their number in the Ukrainian language is constantly growing, which will necessitate the adaptation of these verbs to the aspectual system of Ukrainian literary language, resulting in new derivatives. We see the prospect of further scientific research of the problem of aspect differentiation of bi-aspectual verbs in studying imperfectives formed from prefix forms of the perfect aspect, which are prospective grammatical formations at present, but soon they will obviously penetrate the grammatical system of Ukrainian literary language
URI: https://er.chdtu.edu.ua/handle/ChSTU/2172
ISSN: 2707-0573
2707-112Х (online)
DOI: 10.24025/2707-0573.2(3).2020.217378
Issue: 2(3)
First Page: 78
End Page: 92
Appears in Collections:№2(3)

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