Моделі руху автотранспортних засобів при перехресних зіткненнях

Abstract

Зіткнення транспортних засобів є найбільш небезпечним видом дорожньотранспортної пригоди (ДТП) за кількістю жертв і розмірами матеріальних збитків. При розслідуванні ДТП, пов’язаних із перехресними зіткненнями, виникає необхідність встановлення механізму дорожньо-транспортної пригоди, а також встановлення, який з автомобілів, що зіткнулися, першим виїхав на перехрестя. Це можливо за умови дослідження моделей руху автотранспортних засобів. У статті запропоновано підходи для удосконалення методики автотехнічної експертизи при перехресних зіткненнях.

The practice of road accident investigation shows that due to the specificity of this category of criminal cases, one of the main sources of evidence is the conclusion of auto-technical expertise, which today is based on the use of information technology and technical means. The causes of road accidents are the result of the action of two or more active components – violations of traffic safety rules, which create an integrative integral system. The mechanism of a traffic accident is a complex of circumstances connected by objective regularities that determine the process of approaching of a vehicle with an obstacle before a collision, its interaction with an obstacle in a collision, a blow and the subsequent movement of vehicles and other objects isolated by impact to stop. The collision of vehicles is the most dangerous type of road accident in terms of the number of victims and the amount of material damage. When investigating road accidents related to cross-collisions, it becomes necessary to establish the mechanism of a road traffic accident, as well as to determine which of the cars that collided first drove to the intersection. This is possible if the models of the movement of vehicles are investigated. The purpose of the publication is to determine the features of the movement (movement model) of vehicles in cross-collisions. The main task of auto-technical expertise in collision investigation is the establishment of the mechanism of a road traffic accident. To restore the collision mechanism of vehicles, it is necessary to determine the place of the accident, the relative position of the vehicles at the moment of impact, the location on the road, the speed of the vehicles before the collision. The method of expert research in establishing the collision mechanism depends on the type of collision, is determined by the nature of the impact: blocking, sliding, tangential. The models of the collision mechanism in cross-traffic accidents presented in the publication, the specified research issues of the expertise technology have significance and affect the conclusion during the auto-technical expertise, and the method for calculating the vehicle speed in a cross-collision has been improved. The indicated method makes it possible to further implement it by means of computer technology.