Expressive aesthetic features of traditional Ukrainian painting and its application

Abstract

В роботі розглядається традиційний український розпис, його виразно-естетичні особливості та застосування. Зростаюча тенденція до популяризації українського мистецтва, обрядів, дизайн-діяльності обумовлює необхідність визначення національної самобутності традиційного розпису та окреслення можливостей інтегрування багатовікових традицій у сучасне життя українців. Здійснений аналіз робіт дизайнерів українських студій, виробів майстрів петриківського розпису, робіт студентів магістратури спеціальності Дизайн Черкаського державного технологічного університету надає можливість зробити висновок, що виразно-естетичні особливості традиційного українського розпису сьогодні успішно застосовуються в оздобленні інтер’єрів і обладнання, сприяючи їх поширенню і розвитку.

AbstractIntroductionThe popularization of Ukrainian ethnic traditions in the world today has significantly increased as resistance to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, resistance to the destruction of cultural ethnic heritage, which is most closely related to the Ukrainian land and its geographical conditions. Representatives of 128 nationalities and ethnic groups live in Ukraine: Ukrainians, Russians, Belarusians, Jews, Crimean Tatars, Moldovans, Poles, Greeks, Hungarians, Romanians, Czechs, Slovaks, Bulgarians, Gagauz and others, whose history and culture are spiritually and materially related connected with Ukrainian traditions. The growing tendency to popularize Ukrainian art, rituals, and design activities causes necessity of the revival of the cultural heritage of our ancestors, the emphasis on national identity, and the integration of centuries-old traditions into the modern life of Ukrainians. An important heritage of the Ukrainian people is the traditional painting of the walls of huts, stoves and furniture, household items, dishes, etc. The uniqueness of this cultural property is appreciated all over the world, and the performance technique is passed down from generation to generation. The purpose of the work is to analyze the dynamics of the development of Ukrainian painting in the design of interiors and furniture, to reveal their expressive and aesthetic features and to justify their use in the interiors of modern premises. The main partFor many centuries, the traditions of decorative painting and their diversity were formed in Ukrainian lands, depending on the regions. The formation of individual, characteristic features of painting in certain regions of Ukraine was influenced by the culture of the respective ethnic group, its beliefs and way of life, traditions and rituals. The painting always played the role of protecting the house from the evil, protecting children and had a peculiar purpose of creation: for happiness, well-being, good health, order in marriage, etc. The main symbols, which have been embodied since the beginning of time, are described in sufficient detail by Anna Shadrina and listed in the Internet edition. The author summarizes the most famous types of ceramic painting as: Kosivskyi, Opishnyanskyi, Bubnivskyi, Vasylkivskyi and Petrikivskyi, each of which has its own artistic expressiveness in terms of vegetation, animals, geometric shapes and ornaments. Paintings were also used to decorate the living space, both external - exterior, and internal - interior, household items, textiles, printing.Separate elements of Trypil culture are characteristic of Ukrainian painting, in particular, paintings on jugs: smooth arc-shaped ornaments, drawings of animals. One of the most common symbols of Ukrainian house painting is the tree of life. The wall painting of the house, especially the interior, was traditional for the residents of Ukrainian villages. The compositional center of the plot of the painting was usually the stove, as an important part of every living room in rural areas. The painting of the furnace was characterized by a variety of colors, forms and plots. Elements of everyday life and ethnic Ukrainian motifs: walls with a clay texture, massive wooden supports, a floor made of wooden roofs, the use of natural fabrics in interiors, etc. are quite often integrated into the space of modern premises today. As an example, the decoration of the walls of an apartment with clay according to ancient construction technologies in a Kyiv skyscraper overlooking the Dnipro River is given. Studio "Sergey Makhno Architects". The traditions of folk decorative painting live on and are successfully developing even in our time. A rather interesting proposal of a master's student of the Cherkasy State University of Technology, Koryakina Aryna, in her master's thesis on the topic: "Ethnic motifs of Hutsul in the interior design of modern tourist cottages" regarding the decoration of the walls and furniture of the fireplace area. Aesthetically expressive in the interiors of the rooms are smooth and figured forms of ornaments: plant, geometric - in the form of panels. As an example, the projects of the Kyiv studio Brick-Brot studio are given. When developing the design of the bedroom and living room, ornamental panels were used for decoration, where the accent role belongs to red, one of the main colors in Ukrainian art. Expressive and aesthetic features of the traditional Ukrainian painting - Petrykivsky painting became a highlight on the world-famous French Riviera, where in the city of Nice, the interior design of the restaurant of Ukrainian cuisine was carried out by the famous Ukrainian artist from Dnipropetrovsk region, the master of Petrykivsky painting, Victoria Tymoshenko. A decorative painting, in the form of a tree of life, which is passed down from generation to generation, decorates one of the walls of the room and continues with a ribbon, with the amazing naive forms of Petrikyvka, on the ceiling. The fireplace bar, the panels of which are illuminated, is also decorated with paintings that look like wonderful stained glass windows. The application of traditional Ukrainian painting and its expressive and aesthetic features is widely used in practical creative classes of training specialists-designers with higher education at the Cherkasy State Technological University. As an example, the creative work of master's student Julia Pomylyaiko, who painted a bedside table made of chipboard with her own hand, is given. Conclusions1. The formation of the traditions of decorative painting and their diversity developed in Ukrainian lands for many centuries depending on the regions, ethnic groups of the regions, traditions, rituals, beliefs and ways of life.2. Ukrainian ethnic interior design is becoming more and more popular in Ukraine and abroad. Important elements of maintaining the Ukrainian spirit in the room are its decoration with ethnic household items: panels, ceramic dishes, textile products with embroidery, wooden products, especially handicraft items. 3. Expressive and aesthetic features of traditional Ukrainian painting are used in the decoration of walls and furniture, which contributes to its successful spread and development.