Майбутнє як філософська проблема. Частина ІІ.

Abstract

З проблемою детермінованості майбутнього пов’язана проблема меж і можливостей нашого пізнання майбутнього. Інший аспект проблеми стосується способів пізнання майбутнього. На цьому напрямі напрацьований великий досвід і він потребує осмислення. Майбутнє для людини є чимось більшим ніж пізнавальним образом, воно є екзистенційним станом людини. Людина постійно перебуває в майбутньому, залишаючись при цьому в теперішньому і, частково, в минулому. Цей суб’єктивний стан майбутнього людини є особливою темою філософського осмислення.

The problem of the determination of the future is connected with the problem of the limits and possibilities of our knowledge of the future. Another aspect of the problem concerns ways of knowing the future. Much experience is gained in this area and it needs to be understood. Scientific foresight, especially the prediction of the future state of society, has become the object of scrutiny in modern philosophy. A special kind of scientific prediction is social forecasting, which is to develop probabilistic knowledge about the state of a particular social phenomenon in the future. Social forecasting reveals its potential in virtually all spheres of public life. The prediction efficiency depends on the time, the most effective is the prediction, which covers a historically insignificant time period. Specialized science - futurology deals with social forecasting of events in the relatively distant future. It is possible to speak about the special futurological discourse which has developed in the second half of the twentieth century. In the socio-philosophical understanding of the prediction of the future, attention is paid to two main directions of forecasting: 1) modeling the future; 2) the method of creating future scenarios. The future for man is something more than cognitive, it is the existential state of man. Man is constantly in the future, while remaining in the present and partly in the past. This subjective state of the future man is a special theme of philosophical reflection. Subjective time and, accordingly, subjective future refer to the course of time in subjective reality. When we talk about human time and the human future, we have something else in mind. This is the time and future in which a person is or will be. It can be said, not time in man, but man in time. Human time can be judged both objective and subjective. Researchers distinguish three images of the future that are formed in modern man: apocalyptic, utopian and pragmatic. The image of the future is the most important means of constructing human identity. Investigating the interaction of the individual with his own future, philosophers seek to formulate an optimal strategy for the individual in the future..