Впровадження Беверіджської моделі фінансування охорони здоров'я: перспективи та загрози для України

Abstract

У роботі визначено особливості організації та фінансування охорони здоров’я за Беверіджською моделлю на прикладі Великобританії. Проаналізовано національну стратегію реформування системи охорони здоров’я в Україні, виявлено ключові принципи цієї реформи. Обґрунтовано тенденції подальшого реформування та виокремлено основні проблеми і ймовірні загрози. Визначено, що налагодження та забезпечення ефективного функціонування механізмів фінансування галузі охорони здоров’я є найголовнішою передумовою її успішного реформування.

The work determines the peculiarities of the organization and financing of the Beverage healthcare model using the example of Great Britain. The national strategy for reforming the healthcare system in Ukraine is analyzed, and the key principles of this reform are identified. The trends for further reforming are substantiated and the main problems and possible threats are highlighted. It has been determined that the establishment and ensuring of the effective functioning of the mechanisms of the healthcare industry financing is the main prerequisite for its successful reformation. The World Health Organization characterizes the UK national health service as highly effective one. The Beverage healthcare model determines its national character and a high degree of centralization of management. The principle of centralized financing determines the acquisition of the main part of funds from the state budget at the expense of general tax revenues. After analyzing the main organizational and financial aspects of the Beverage health system, we can single out its main features: free medical care is provided to the population; all population has the access to free medical services; funding comes from the state budget; wide professional opportunities of general practitioners; general practitioners are fund holders; medical services market plays a secondary role. The developers of Ukrainian reform in the healthcare system officially have taken the Beverage model as a basis. We have studied the manifestations of these characteristics in Ukrainian reality as probable perspectives and threats. It is concluded that it would be quite difficult to implement in practice all the criteria laid down in the reform program and comply with the principles of the Beverage (budget) financing model in Ukrainian reality. Our state does not possess sufficient resources. To ensure the minimum required amount of funding, it is necessary to make a lot of efforts so that the reform will bring positive results and the state can really justify all the obligations undertaken