Структурні трансформації глобального ринку праці

Abstract

У статті визначено сутність і структуру глобального ринку праці. Виокремлено специфічний сегмент глобального ринку праці – ринок офшорної робочої сили. Визначено переваги і недоліки офшорингу робочої сили, проаналізовано сучасний стан ринку офшорної робочої сили. Виокремлено структурні трансформації глобального ринку праці в контексті попиту і пропозиції на робочу силу, ціни праці. Синтезовані тенденції, які характеризують майбутнє глобального ринку праці.

The article defines the essence and structure of the global labour market. A specific segment of the global labour market – the offshore labour market is identified. It is stated that its specific segment is the market of offshore labour. Offshore labour is a transfer of some types of work from one country to another. The advantages and disadvantages of the оffshore labour in the global labour market are determined, factors influencing the country's choice for offshore labour have been investigated. The main advantage of offshore labour is to reduce company costs for staff, optimize business processes and efficient resource allocation across the global economy. The state of the offshore labour market is analyzed. Structural transformations of the global labour market in the context of labour supply and demand, labour prices are determined. Trends characterizing the future of the global labour market are synthesized. Analysis of the structural transformations of the global labour market gives us a possibility to forecast future changes of this market. They consist of reducing the demand for unskilled labour, increasing the demand for highly skilled labour, increasing professional requirements for specialists, which causes changes in the structure of their professional competences, the further development of offshore labour.