Принцип повторного використання стічних вод у процесах фарбування текстильних матеріалів

Abstract

Обґрунтовано принцип повторного використання стічних вод фарбувально-опоряджувального виробництва в процесах фарбування текстильних матеріалів. Наведені результати експериментальних досліджень, апробованих у реальних виробничих умовах фарбувально-опоряджувального виробництва, доводять достовірність висунутого принципу в межах критерію оптимізації забарвлення тканини (інтенсивності забарвлення в порівнянні з еталоном). Уперше наведені алгоритми можливого повторного використання стічної води (очищеної та концентрованої) у процесах фарбування текстильних матеріалів.

The high cost of textile products and the significant consumption of water, dyes, auxiliary substances, heat and electricity during their production prompt the creation of new resource-saving technologies for dyeing textile materials that would reduce the cost of textile products and reduce the environmental impact on the country's water resources. Multicomponent wastewater from dyeing and finishing plants contains a mixture of synthetic dye residues (25-40% on average) and auxiliary substances, which is a serious hazard. Therefore, the problem of treating wastewater to a degree of purification that can be reused as recycled water in the fabric dyeing process is urgent. While posing risks to the environment through water pollution, wastewater is a high-quality secondary raw material that can be reused in the process of dyeing textile materials. The analysis of research and publications on the reuse of wastewater from dyeing and finishing production in the processes of dyeing textile materials showed that the topic covered was not sufficiently studied, which justifies the relevance of the work, practical prospects and significance of the experimental results obtained. The purpose of the experimental research is to obtain empirical results proving the possibility of reusing adsorptiontreated and concentrated wastewater in textile dyeing technologies, to create new algorithms for the fabric dyeing process, which will predictably lead to resource conservation and environmental protection. A series of experimental studies has for the first time determined the possibility of reusing adsorption-treated and concentrated wastewater in the process of dyeing textile materials on the example of dispersed dark blue and direct red lightfast dyes, which scientifically proves the possibility of reusing such resources as dyes and water with maximum compliance with the color intensity criterion within 95%. For the first time, the paper presents algorithms for fabric dyeing processes using the principle of reuse of adsorptiontreated and concentrated wastewater in the form of diagrams.