Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://er.chdtu.edu.ua/handle/ChSTU/8368
Title: Створення та дослідження енергоустановки сенсорних мереж
Authors: Трембовецька, Руслана Володимирівна
Рижак, Олександр Володимирович
Keywords: поновлювані джерела енергії;бездротові датчики газу;акумулювання енергії;сенсорний модуль;оптимізація збору енергії;бездротові сенсорні мережі
Issue Date: 15-Dec-2025
Abstract: У роботі розроблено технологічні принципи створення енергоустановки на базі поновлюваних джерел енергії для живлення малопотужних бездротових датчиків вибухонебезпечних і токсичних газів у складі бездротових сенсорних мереж.
The work develops technological principles for creating a renewable-energy-based power unit for supplying low-power wireless sensors of explosive and toxic gases operating within wireless sensor networks.
URI: https://er.chdtu.edu.ua/handle/ChSTU/8368
Appears in Collections:174 Автоматизація, комп'ютерно-інтегровані технології та робототехніка (Робототехнічні системи та автоматизація)

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 -2 
2 3 5 ~ 
165 3,3 93 
0 ( ( ( 261
( ) ( ) ( ) 
) ) )  
    
 
   
 
   
 
 
90001
, 1,5 , 3000  17  900000  
7  
24000
C, 1,5 , 8000  46  2400000  
46  
45000
D, 1,5 , 15000  86  4500000  
86  
 
   1.1  2.4,        
     ,  ,   . 
         
 
         , 
 38 
 ,        
     ( , ,   ). 
 2.1     . 
         
(    ).      ,    
     .    
    .   ,  
          
  .    -   
 10   (  100 000 )     
    . 
        
  -      .     
     4,1     .  
       - .  
          . 
    3,6    3000 , 8000   15000    
,   , . 
      ,      
 10      1%  .    
  ,         
 . 
       2.1. 
 ,      :  , 
         (  , 
  .),     ,    
      . 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 
.2.1        
   
 
         
         
.         
        
. 
         
    -     [59].    
,     ,     
 40 
  .    ,     
            
  .       
.        DC / DC 
. 
 ,      , 
  ,       
    
 
  
  ,       
 .      ,  
    DC / DC .   
         ( ,  
  AC  DC),       
.          
  [60] ( . 2.2). 
  2.3     .   
    ( )      
  ,  .    
         .   
  ,       
. 
  '       
     .   ,     
      .     
  9       3    
  36,67%. 
 41 
 
. 2.2.        
  
 
 
 
. 2.3.    
 
     4,5    
 73,3%.     .   
        . 
 
 
 42 
   
 
       '    
. 
   ,    . 
       .  
         
        . 
   '         
  . 
        
    [61];      
     . 
   . 2.4       
 Vg,  S,  D      L   
C.     ( )        1   
       2.    
  ,   ( )       Ts  
  D.         
 1  0    1.     1 / T.    
       ,  
    ( ),    . 
       1 k   1     
  .      
  ' ,       
 .  2.1      ( ). 
Ts
Vs = 1 ⋅ Vs (t)dt = D ⋅V
T g                                                  (2.1) 
0
 43 
  1  ,       D 
   .  '   ,  0   1.  ,  
    . 
 
 
 
. 2.4. )       
          
      )   
 
 
   ,        
   .       
          .   
       . 
 ,    V     
.   ,    ,    
 44 
V ( )    = .      .  
  . 18    L   C  
  .      2.2. 
f0 = 1
                                                          (2.2) 
2π LC
  0  ,       
 .    ,      
  ( ).     ,   ,   
  . 
   ( )     
         : 
M (D) = V
V                                                           (2.3) 
g
    ( ) : 
 ( )=                                                           (2.4) 
  2.4   . 2.5.   ,  
         0     
  . 
     L,    
  .        
 .      
         ( ,   
).        
        .   
         
     . 
      .   
 ,       .  
 45 
 ,         .  
 
 
. 2.5.        
    
 
     .   L   
         - . 
     .      
           
- .       , 
          .  
           
 .       
            
  .    -       [63]. 
    - .   ,   
       '  ,    
        .  
   -         
       .   
         
   (         
    ). 
 46 
     ( )      
,             
   .  2.6      
 ' .        
     .    
        ( )    
 .       
    .      
    ( ). 
 
. 2.6     '   
   
 
    ,    
  ,       
( )              
 . 
       (  
90%).        '    
.       
 47 
   .    LTC3388-3 
      2,7  20       2,8 , 
3,0 , 3,3   5 .  2,8         
 [15].        ,  
      .     
2.1, 2.2  2.3     ,     - 2, ETRX35x 
 ATxmega32A4,       : 
  =  +  +                                                         (2.5) 
  -      55 ,  -   
   1,1       0,7 uA.  -  
    31      25    
.         
     : 
  = 55 + 1,1 + 31 ~ 87                               (2.6) 
      . 
  = 0,0007 + 25 ~ 25                               (2.7) 
 
. 2.7.    LTC3388-3  
   
   LTC3388-3    ,  
 48 
,         
       90%     2,8 .  
2.7          
  6 . 
          
.   2.8    . 
         . 
    : 
M (D) = 1
1 D                                                          (2.8) 
−
 2.9      
   .   1    1,  
       .   1 
   2,       1. 
        : 
   . ,    , 
       .   
   -  .    
 .      .    
        . 
        .  
 ,   - .    
            
.          
    . 
          
.  ,      
 ,    ,   .  
 49 
  .      ,   
         
          . 
  -      [65].  
 -          
   . 
 
. 2.8.    [65] 
 
 
 
. 2.9      
    
 
          . 
      .    
    .   ,    
       .   ,  
    -  . 
 ,     ,  
 50 
              
   .      
 ,         . 
      . 
     (    
  90% [63], [66]).       
TPS61201 [67].    ,       
 3 . TPS61201    3,3     . 
       .   
      ( , 87,1 )    
     90%. TPS61201    
 80%        . 
   DC / DC    /  
.      . 2.10.   
,           
         .  
         
     .   
    '      
  2.10 
M (D) = −D
1− D                                                   (2.10) 
 2.11      / 
    .  D    
,        .  / 
        
 . 
       ,  
 51 
         t = 0 (  
  ).        
  .      
 .         
      -     
. 
         . 
       , 
     . 
 
 
. 2.10.   /   
 
 
 
. 2.11.     /  
    
 ,         
 52 
 .         
.           
 .          
   .       . 
           .  
        . 
     ,     
        .    , 
          ,    
  .       
.            
   .      ,   
.  ,    ,  
     .    
     3      
  TPS63001 [68].       
    ( , ~ 87,1 ),    
  90%.         
   80%.   / 
         
         
  . 
   /     
       . 
          
 ;        1,8   5,5  [69] 
           
  .        
 53 
     . 
      TPS61200.  
  ,         (0,3 ... 5,5 
)          
 . TPS61200     (87    
 2.4)         90%. 
 
 
2.2        
 
 
      ,  , , 
            ( . 
2.12).         
        (  
   - MPPT).      
        DC / DC 
.           
     .   
         
  . 2.13.          
:   .     DC / DC 
 .       
 ( , )   ( , )  . 
        
   .      . 
 54 
 
.2.12.       
 
     ,   
      .  ,  
(  )     . 
       
         
       .     
    .   
         
         . 
 55 
 
 
. 2.13.        
 
   2 
 
•      :  , 
         (  , 
  .),     ,    
   . 
•    -    10   
(  100 000 )       
 . 
 56 
•        
          
            
   . 
•         
       . 
•        
             
 .  ,        
       . 
•         
       . 
•           
.           
 . 
•      !  
 .      
         
    .     LTC3388-3 
          90%. 
•        
  TPS61201 .        
,         
     90%  80%.   
      . ,    
      , ' ,  
    0,3   TPS61200      
    2,8    . 
 57 
•  /       
        .  
'   ,          
          
.       TPS63001 
         90%  80%. 
•        
        
            . 
        
.       
           
    
•   ,     
        
   . 
 
  
 58 
 3 
     
 
 
3.1.        
   
 
        
          . 
        .  
       . 
  2.1-2.3 ,      ,  
    1,8-5,5 .    DC-DC 
 TPS61200,      1 .  DC-DC  
    -     1,8-5,5 .    
    0,3-5,5 .  ,     5,5 . 
        
(400 , 2,7 ).        
  ( 1  2, . 3.1).     
   -      5,5 . 
,       ,   
  DC-DC  TPS61200.       
      3,7 . 
           
2,7 .  ,     ,  
    0,54  ( . 3.1).     
       
     5 · ,   -   
 59 
 5·104.          
,        
    
 
 
- 
 
 
  
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
*           
**      
***    
\ 
. 3.1.         
 
 
5 ·       .  
   3,6   3000 , 8000   15000    , B  
D .      AA, B  D  10 · , 29 
·   54000 · .      
     . 
       :  , 
          (  
,   . )     ,   
    .   , 
       3.1. 
           
 60 
,         ( . 3.2). 
  1 ( 1  )   ,   2 ( 2  ) 
 . 
         
  (     1   2)   
 ,           
  (V1     V2  ). 
       . 
       . 3.2,     
    ,    
       .  
    . 3.3.      V1 
 V2    C14  C15. 
 3.1 
       
       
 (Vmax=2,7 , Vmin (   (  -
= 0,9  C = 400 )  4,3 /c)  1,5 AM) 
( ) 3,7  2,7 2,2 2,2 
 ( ) 3200 133,7 27 350 
 11840 361,1 59,4 770 
( ) 
 
 
 61 
 
. 3.2.    
 
         
  CH1LVL  CH2LVL.  C13    
  '      . 
       
.       
           
    .    
  . 3.4. 
      
.           
 ,    ,      
       . .3.5 
    . 
 62 
 
. 3.3.    
 
 
 
. 3.4.    
 63 
  3.6   DC/DC .  
     ,   
     .     
  . 
. 3.5.     
 
 
 
. 3.6.  DC/DC  
 
           
         
   .  
 
 
 
 64 
3.2.        
 
   ,        
        .   
       .    
        , 
 DC/DC  .  DC/DC  
   .    
         
   . 
      . 
     :     
 ,     ,  
      .     
  DC/DC   . 
          
          
  .        
   .   ,     
         
.     ,     
         .  
 ,          
   .    .   
   .      
     .   
   ,       
    .     
 65 
   ( ,  )    
        
  CH1  CH2  0,9 .      
          
 (C14  C15  . 3.3).     , 
  .        
      0,9       
       
 (           , 
   - . 3.7 ). 
    -   
:     .    
,    ,   
            
          
        , 
          
  .        
,    ,      
          
        ,   
          
  .     . 3.8. .  
     .  
   .      
   . 
 66 
 
 :   
Ps   Cs 
Pw   Cw 
 
 
:  
 
 
   Ps   Cs 
Pw  
 
 
  
 
Pw   Cs 
Ps  
 
      
   
 
 
. 3.8 - ( )      ; ( ) 
      
 67 
3.3.      
         
     
 
        
         
      . 
        
          
         
       
          
    .       
.       . 
   3.1.,        
,   ,       
    . 
 = . .                             (3.1) 
 
 I   ,     , 
   º   K ; K=0,048     K = 
0,024   . 
 ,       
        
      ,  
    . 
        
 68 
        3.1.   
        ,   
,        . 
      .     , 
    .  ,        , 
  .          .  
,       .  ,  
    . 
        
    .       
          . 
    ,       
.  ,       ,   . 
 ,     ,    
        .   
  ,      .  
        .  
       . 
        .   
     .     
      .     
     '  . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 69 
 3.1. 
    
    
 
(       ( ) 
   1  2  3  4 5 6 7 
) 
0 -15 0,05  0,1  0,1  0,05  0,13  0,13  0,13  
16-30 0,05  0,1  0,1  0,05  0,13  0,25  0,13  
31-50 0,1  0,6  0,6  0,13  0,13  0,4  0,13  
51-100 0,1  0,6  1,5  0,13  0,13  0,5  0,13  
101-150 0,2  0,6  3,2  0,4  0,4  0,8  0,4  
151-170 0,2  1,25 3,2  0,4  0,4  0,8  0,4  
 
171-250 0,2  1,25 6,4  0,4  0,4  0,8  0,4  
 
251-300 0,2  1,25 12,5 0,4  0,4  0,8  0,8  
  
301- 500 0,25  2,5  12,5 0,8  0,8  1,5  0,8  
 
> 500 0,0025 0,005 0,025 0,00305 0,00305 0,00305 0,00305 
 /   /   /   /   /   /   /  
 
     '  .  
 3.9    .  
     ,     
  ,        .   
             ,  
 70 
  . 
     . 3.10.   
   ,        .  
,      . 
 ,        
,   '   ,    
   .      
  ,     
         . 
 
. 3.9 -   '   [80] 
 
 
. 3.10 -   '   
 
 71 
       '   
     . 
      ,     
 '   ,    
 .           0,2 
.      0,4      
 - 0,6 .     . 3.11.  . 3.12 
    . 
 
. 3.11 -     
 
 
. 3.12 -     
 
 72 
 
   3 
 
•          
         
    . 
•        ,  
        (  , 
  . )     ,    
      . 
•       5 
,      5 104.     
     ,       
     5   
       . 
•        
  400 .      , 
     0,9 .     
  0,9 .   ,    .   
      ,   
        
. 
• DC/DC  TPS61200   : 
  1,8 5,5      1 . 
•         
  ,       .  
           
         
 73 
 . 
•       
 DC/DC      
  . 
•       .  
    .       
     ,     
,        . 
       DC/DC  . 
          
          
  .        
   . 
•      , 
     . 
• ,        
          
           
 .  ,     . 
          
          
          
.  ,  . 
•     : 1)    
    ,   ,    
       
.        
          
 74 
 . 2)        .  
       .  
       3)      
   '      
        . 4)    
       0,2 .     
 0,4       - 0,6 . 
•        
         
             
     .     
    . 
 
  
 75 
 4 
    
      
 CO  CH4    
 
 
4.1     
 
     ,     
   .        
    4,3 /   2,2   27 .   
       2,5, 3, 3,5, 5, 5,7 
 6  /      3, 6, 15, 24, 27  30 .    
    VOLTCRAFT (BL - 30)   VOLTCRAFT 
(DT - 10L)     .     
         
    3,7 /   4,5 /  (  4.1 ( )  4.1 ( )). 
       4,35   
 8,85 .   4.1 ( )      
 . ,        
 4,5 /   7,2 ,   3,7 /   5,5 .    
   5,5    4,5 / . 
  4.1 ( )  ,       
   60      
         
   250 .  ,     
   . 
 
 76 
 
.4.1 - (a)     ; ( )  
 ; x -     4,35 c   
  4,5 m/c; o -     4,35 c    
 3,7 / ; -     8,85 c     4,5 
/c; -   
 
 
4.2.     
 
 . 4.2 ( )  . 4.2 ( )       
   4 / .    .   
    VOLTCRAFT (BL  30). . 4.2 ( )  
,      2,7     
 4 /c.      20 . .4.2 ( ) 
      .   ,   
    . 
 ,     ,   
 77 
  U  = 2,2      I  = 0,35 .  
          
 ,   ,   ,   
   ,    . 
  4.3 ( )  ( )       . 
   . 4.3 ( )       
       . 
) ) 
.4.2 -    : ( )  
    4 / ; ( )      
 
,  ,   
  ) ) 
.4.3 - ( )     ; ( ) 
   6  
  
 78 
   ,       2,2  
    .    . 4.3 ( )   
       ,    
 . ,      ,  
    ,     
  . 
 . 4.3 ( )        
   .       
 . ,     2,3 ,   
. 
,    ,  : 
 = ( )                                 (4.1) 
 
 ,   (2,7 )   (0,9 )  ,   
-  . 
   400 ,     
1450 ,  0,41 * .       0,9 ,  
     1300 ,  0, 36 * . 
         
0,9  ,    .     -  
     ,   0,3   . 
   ,      
-    0,9       2,8   
.  '   ,  ,      
,  0,9  (W=0,045 ), ,    . 
  ,     -  ,   
 . 
 79 
 ,  ,       
  0,9 ,   10%  ,    2,7 . 
 ,    ,   -  
    0,9      50%.     
        0,9 . 
 
 
4.3.          
   
 
       NAP-505 
(Nemoto, ),       . 
     ,       
,       ,   
      .    
        
 : ,   .    
       .   
       ,   
 .        
-  - . 
        
     (   -  
).      . 4.4. 
        
    ,        
.     ,     .   
( )        
 80 
 .           
     1-2 .    
     2 .       
     ,     
  10 .       
  .        
          
 . 
   ,    ,  10    
  .  10         
         
.      .  ,    
      ,   
     .      
   .  ,      
   ,       
 . ,   ,   . 
 4.4 ( )       
      . . 4.4 ( )  
  ,   CO     . 
         .  
, '         
,      ,     
  . 
        43,49  
 0,28  ( . 4.4 ( )).  ,        
        0,2 .  
 81 
 
  
 50   
    
  
    
’   
    
  
10     
  
 
 
.4.4 -       
 
          
 (3,7  32000 )  21 .  . 4.5    
          
          (U = 
2,7 ).      (240 )  
       360 .  
    ,     -  
.       (  90%),   
 .      2,8     
 82 
. 
 
.4.4  ( )    :  
; ( )    (    )  
43,49   0,28  
 
 
.4.5   ( )   ( )  
   (  «1»  «3»)     
   (  «2»  «4»)      
    
 
 
 83 
4.4.         
    
 
      ,     
 [27]. .    . 4.6     : 
 (R4)   (R5) . R1  R2      1 
O .   R3  1 .    
  ,         
    .      
   ,   12 .   
         
. 
    150  [27], [71].   (  
 )     , , 450 C   
  .    ,    
 2,8 . 
   -   ( )  
   .     
      . 
.4.7       , 
   .    ,    
.        ,    
 .        
    0,7 . 
          
   .        
      (    AT ) 
     unicast  (    . 4.7).  
 84 
   ,      
.      CO,      
      15 . 
    ,     
 . 
 
.4.6 -     
 
        
 .         
   RTC ( ,   )   
 32,768   .   RTC 
   .    
    . 
   ,   2,8      
 450 C.         0,7 . 
  ,       65   
         
 182 . 
            
     : 
  
  
 (3,6 18000 )/(180 0,7/15 )  = 7714  (  321 ) 85 
 (4.2) 
 
 
 ( ) 
 
.4.7 -        
 
  4.7 c        14,8 . 
 4.3    : 
 ( , ,  . ) , ~ 7013  (  292 )                           (4.3) 
 
    4.1  4.2     ,  
         
    43 .    
      39 . 
 . 4.8       
              
   (U=2,7 ).   
  ( ) 
 86 
   (28 )      
   43 .      ,   
'    ,     -  . 
 
 
.4.8 -  ( )   ( )  
   (  «1»  «3»)     
   (  «2»  «4»)      
   
 
-      (  90%),    
.      2,8     . 
 87 
4.5.      
        
 
         
  [72], [73], [74], [75].     
     .     
      .     
 ,        
.          
            
  ,     .  
           
         .  
          
 .  ,     ,   
          
  .       
         .  
        ,    
  .  ,     
       . 
          
   .      
         , 
, ,      . .   
          
  .      
        . 
 88 
   4 
 
•        
   .     
 4,35    4,5 /   7,2  (3),   8,85 
  5,5 .       
 4,35    8,85 .     ,  
      . 
•          
       .  
      :  
       . 
•   ,      
-    0,9       2,8   
.  '   ,  ,      
,  0,9  (W = 0,045 ), ,    . 
  ,     -  ,   
 . 
•          
    200 .      
 28 .  '   ,      
       (   15 )  
   CO. 
•        
  .     
   , ,   
. 
 89 
 
 
 
     : 
1.   -     
    .     
   (    ),  , 
 ,  ,    , 
   . 
2.       
        
 ,         
        . 
3.         
.      TPS61200    
  0,3  ... 5,5 ,       
 .  ,      
   4   90%,      
 80%. 
4.          
  ,        
  ,        
           
  .       
   ,   ,    
    1%  . 
5.          
    .     
 90 
,       
        
         .   
   ,  . 
       
         . 
6.        
        
        .   
         
. 
7.        
     .  ,   
    240      
.       28 .  
        4. 
8.       . 
 ,    DC-DC    
       
       . 
9.         
  .     
   , ,   
. 
  
 91 
   
 
 
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